Genetic Variation among Four Species of Tilapia and Their Hybrid in Egypt Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Analysis

Walla. S.H. Abd El Naby,¹ Sherif, M. Nasr² and Ramy, M. Shourbela¹

¹Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt. 

Summary:In this study, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA technique (RAPD) was used to characterize four Tilapia species and the hybrid (O. niloticus, O. aureus, S. galilaeus, T. zillii and Hybrid (O. niloticus  x  O. aureus)). Three samples of each species were collected from  River Nile.  The DNA of fish samples were extracted using  DNA extraction kit. RAPD analysis was carried out using eleven RAPD primers, while only eight primers were given detectable bands. A total of 186 scorable bands obtained by RAPD-PCR technique across four tilapia species and hybrid genomes with 166 polymorphic bands. The similarity indices were high among  tilapia species, science it ranged from 0.920 between O. aureus  and O. niloticus, to 0.907 between  hybrid (O. niloticus x O. aureus) and S. galilaeus. Therefore the phylogenetic relationships among four tilapia  species and the hybrid were clearly resolved in dendrograms. They clustered in five branches: the first one includes  O. niloticus, the second branch includes O. aureus, the third branch includes  S. galilaeus, the fourth branch includes hybrid (O. niloticus  x  O. aureus) and the fifth branch includes  T. zillii.  This study concluded that, the molecular patterns showed by RAPD bands, represent specific bands and apparently are suitable tool to distinguish among tilapia species and hybrid. The results clearly revealed that the four tilapia and hybrid are distinctive species. 

Lycopene modulates cholinergic dysfunction, Bcl-2 / Baxbalance, And antioxidant enzymes gene transcripts in monosodium Glutamate (E621) induced neurotoxicity in a rat model

Kadry Sadek, Tarek Abouzed, and Sherif Nasr

K. Sadek. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al-Buhiyra Governorate, Egypt.

Summary:

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on brain tissue and the relative ability of lycopene to avert theseneurotoxic effects were investigated. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups: group I, untreated (placebo);group II, injected with MSG (5 mg·kg−1) s.c.; group III, gastrogavaged with lycopene (10 mg·kg−1) p.o.; and group IV received MSGwith lycopene with the same mentioned doses for 30 days. The results showed that MSG induced elevation in lipid Peroxidationmarker and perturbation in the antioxidant homeostasis and increased the levels of brain and serum cholinesterase (ChE), totalcreatine phosphokinase (CPK), creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes BB (CPK-BB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). GlutathioneS-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities and gene expression were increased andglutathione content was reduced in the MSG-challenged rats, and these effects were ameliorated by lycopene. Furthermore, MSGinduced apoptosis in brain tissues reflected in upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax while lycopene upregulated the anti-apoptoticBcl-2. Our results indicate that lycopene appears to be highly effective in relieving the toxic effects of MSG by inhibiting lipidperoxidation and inducing modifications in the activity of cholinesterase and antioxidant pathways. Interestingly, lycopeneprotects brain tissue by inhibiting apoptosis signaling induced by MSG.

Keywords: monosodium glutamate, lycopene, neurotoxicity, oxidative stress, gene expression, apoptosis.

Effect of Breed, ApoVLDL-II Gene Polymorphism and Metabolic Biochemical Markers on Growth and Body Composition Traits in Commercial Broiler Breeds

¹H.M. Ghanem, ¹A.I. Ateya, ²Y.Y. El Seady, ³S.M. Nasr and⁴N.A. El Kholy

¹Department of Animal Husbandry and Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt

SUMMARY:

The effect of breed, apoVLDL-II gene polymorphism and metabolic biochemical markers on growth and body composition traits was investigated in 400 chickens of different four breeds (Cobb, Hubbard, Aves and Ross) 100 birds each.Blood samples were collected from chickens of each breed for DNA extraction and biochemical assay.Association analysis of the impact of breedon growth and body composition traitsrevealed that, the highest (p<0.005) measurements of live body weight, weight gain and highly significant feed efficiency values were recorded for Ross strain followed by Cobb-500 broiler strain, while the lowest values were recorded for Aves strain. Meanwhile, Aves strain had the highest feed intake. Regarding to carcass traits, Ross strain had the highest (p<0.001) dressing % and giblets weight.PCR-BfmI digestion of 492-bpof a fragment of intron-I of apoVLDL-IIgenerevealed that, two fragments (396, 96-bp) for genotype BB in the four breeds, three fragments (492, 396 and 96-bp) for genotype AB in Ross and Hubbard breedsand undigested fragment (249-bp) for genotype AA in the Aves breed.Statistical analysis indicated that there was significant association betweenapoVLDL-II genotypesand growth and body composition traits. AB genotype was higher in growth and body composition traits than both BB and AA genotypes.In concern to biochemical data,broiler breeds could be significantly (P< 0.05) affect serum levels of T3and T4 to reach the peak value in Ross and minimal value in Aves breed. These data could be compatible with growth and body composition data. Meanwhile, the level of plasma proteins or lipid profile do not showed a significant different between breeds. This research highlights the possibility of breed effect, apoVLDL-II/BfmI locus and metabolic biochemical markers as candidates for growth and body composition traits in chickens.

TaqI Polymorphism in MYF5 Gene and its Association with Body Weight in Friesian Bull Calves

Summary:

Objective: The effect of MYF5gene polymorphism on body weight was investigated in 100 Friesian bull calves. Methodology: Blood samples were collected from each animal for DNA extraction.PCR-TaqI digestion of 1190-bpof a fragment of MYF5 generevealed that, two fragments (983, 207-bp) for genotype BB, three fragments (1190, 983 and 207-bp) for genotype AB and undigested fragment (1190-bp) for genotype AA. The incidence of MYF5genotypes and frequencies of alleles were calculated. Results:The AA, AB and BB genotype frequencies in the 100 Friesian bull calves were 0.2, 0.46 and 0.34, respectively and the A and B allele frequencies were 0.43 and 0.57.Statistical analysis indicated that there was highly (P<0.01) significant association betweenMYF5 genotypesand body weight. AB genotype was higher in body weight than both BB and AA genotypes. However there is no significant variation between AB and BB genotype in the body weight. Conclusion: This highlights the effect of MYF5/TaqI locus as candidate for body weight in cattle.

Keywords: MYF5 gene, Body weight, Friesian cattle, PCR-RFLP

Biological and Molecular Characterization of Newcastle Disease Virus Circulating in Chicken Flocks, Egypt, During 2014-2015

Summary:Newcastle disease (ND), a highly contagious disease, is responsible for disturbing disease outbreaks in poultry flocks worldwide. This study was carried out to isolate and characterize the circulating Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) strains in different chicken flocks (broilers, commercial egg layers and breeders) in four Egyptian governorates (Gharbia, El Behera, Dakahlia and Kafer EL  Shiekh) during 2014 and 2015. Forty-eight suspected NDV infected flocks were examined clinically and used for virus isolation and characterization. The mortality rates among the examined flocks were 5-85 %. The deduced amino acid sequences of F protein gene revealed that four NDV isolates possessed the motif 112 R/K-R-Q-K/RR116 at the C-terminus of the F2 protein and F (phenylalanine) at residue 117, indicating that they are velogenic genotype. The present study revealed the circulation of NDV class II genotype VII in Egyptian chicken flocks.

Keywords: Newcastle Disease, Genotype VII, F protein

Molecular Characterization of Fasciola hepatica Infecting Cattle from Egypt Based on Mitochondrial and Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences

¹Eman K.A. Bazh, ²Sherif M. Nasr and 3Reda S. Fadly

¹Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt

²Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Egypt

³Department of Parasitology, Animal Health Study Institute, Damanhour branch, Egypt

Summary:

Background:Fasciola hepatica is a zoonotic liver fluke infects wide range of hosts (all ruminant animals, rabbits, horses and human). It is commonly prevalent where the intermediate snail host is present. The main objective of this study was to provide molecular characterization of F. hepatica using ribosomal DNA cluster (rDNA) of more conserved internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Materials and methods: Adult fluke samples were collected from livers of infected cattle hosts. All flukes were subjected to DNA extraction for polymerase chain reaction. Results: A 421 bp fragment of COI and 603 bp ITS2 genes were amplified, purified and sequenced. The obtained sequence was compared to the corresponding sequences available in the GenBank. Phylogenetically, F. hepatica resembles closely the other members of family Fasciolidae, showing considerable, expectation value in the alignment. Conclusion: This study corroborate that the mitochondrial COI and ITS2 sequences could be used as species specific markers for characterization of F. hepatica.

Key words: F. hepatica, COI, ITS2, phylogeny.

Effect of Genetic Polymorphisms in GH/HpaII and MSTN/DraI Loci on Body Weight in Friesian Bull Calves

SUMMARY:

Objective:The GHand MSTN gene polymorphisms and their association with body weight were declared in a population of 100 Friesian bull calves. Materials and Methods: For DNA extraction, collection of blood samples was carried out from the studied animals. PCR for GH and MSTN genes yielded fragments of 329-bp and 1346-bp respectively.Results: PCR-HpaII digestion of 329-bp of GH gene revealed three genotypes; AA genotype possess undigested fragment (329-bp), AB genotype has three fragments (329, 224 and 105-bp) and BB genotype has two fragments (224 and 105-bp). The GHgenotypes incidence and alleles Frequency were calculated. For the 100 Friesian bull calves, genotypic frequencies for the AA, AB and BB genotypes were 0.1, 0.78 and 0.12, respectively and the allele frequencies for A and B allele frequencies were 0.49 and 0.51. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant effect of GHgenotypeson body weight. AB genotype possessed higher body weight than the other 2 genotypes. Regarding MSTN gene, PCR-DraI digestion of 1346-bpfragment was monomorphic; where it yielded four fragments (505, 427, 321 and 93-bp) in all animals under study. Conclusion: The outcome of this research is that it highlights the effectiveness of GH/HpaII locus as candidate marker for body weight in cattle rather than MSTN/ DraI.

Keywords:Body weight,Friesian cattle, GH gene, MSTN gene, PCR-RFLP.